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| Science & Tech /Methods and Techniques /Cryotechnology /Absolute Zero |
"Absolute Zero"
Encarta Online Concise Encyclopedia article
(http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/03/003BC000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1)
Absolute Zero!
A solid and readable explanation of the physics by Professor Michael Lea, University of London.
(http://www.sun.rhbnc.ac.uk/~uhap057/LTWeb/Absolute.html)
BEC: Bose Einstein Condensation of Sodium
A summary of the NIST project.
(http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div842/Gp4/bose.html)
BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensation) Homepage
"A new form of matter at the coldest temperatures in the universe." Simplified, surprisingly clear explanation. Cartoon illustrations make for a slow load, though.
(http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/bec/index.html)
Below Absolute Zero -- What Does Negative Temperature Mean?
Can you really make a system which has a temperature below absolute zero? From the Usenet Physics FAQ.
(http://www.public.iastate.edu/~physics/sci.physics/faq/neg_temperature.html)
Computer Simulation of laser cooling and trapping
Download page for free copies of several "Cool Simulations."
(http://webphysics.davidson.edu/alumni/jocowan/Cooldown.htm)
New Scientist Planet Science:
Atom-chillers win the ultimate accolade - the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics (periodical article)
(http://www.newscientist.com/ns/971025/nphysicsnobel.html)
NIST - Atomic Physics Division - Laser Cooling and Trapping Group
This department of the National Institute of Standards and Technology studies the physics of laser cooling, electromagnetic trapping, and other radiative manipulation of neutral atoms and dielectric particles. Home of 1997 Nobel Prize winner William D.
(http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div842/Gp4/group4.html)
NIST: 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics
News release of Dr. William D. Phillips 1997 prize, including links to his projects on laser cooling and trapping of atoms.
(http://physics.nist.gov/News/nobel1997.html)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997
The press release of the Nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. For those wanting more scientific details, be sure to click o
(http://www.nobel.se/announcement-97/physics97.html)
Research groups involved in atom trapping and cooling
A detailed links list of about 50 research groups around the world, with an immense list of subject links, as well. From the the Laser Physics Group at Umeå University, Sweden.
(http://www.phys.umu.se/laser/links11.htm)
Science Friday interview with Nobel priz . . . ysicists William Phillips and Steven Chu
Link to RealAudio National Public Radio Interview broadcast on October 17, 1997, plus other links to explanations of their research.
(http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/1997/Oct/hour2b_101797.html)
Steven Chu, former Bell Labs researcher, wins 1997 Nobel in physics
Using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study. Nobel Prize for Chu, Phillips, and Cohen-Tannoudji.
(http://www.bell-labs.com/user/feature/archives/chu/)
USC Physics & Astronomy:Physics 151 Lab Manual
Click on: "Experiment X: Ideal Gas Law and the Absolute Zero of Temperature." Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader. The experiment uses liquid nitrogen.
(http://physics1.usc.edu/Undergraduate/Labs/151/Manual/)
What is absolute zero?
An answer from the Lansing State Journal in Michigan, January 29, 1992.
(http://www.pa.msu.edu/~sciencet/ask_st/012992.html)
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